Did Fabrice Tourre Really Create the Global Financial Crisis?

Greg Palast’s Column

By Greg Palast

The Goldman Sachs Tower in Lower Manhattan (image via).

Greg Palast is an investigative reporter and author of several New York Times bestselling books including his latest, Billionaires & Ballot Bandits.

You just knew it had to be one of those brie-biting, Sartre-spewing, overly-garlicked Frenchmen who pushed the Earth’s finance system over a cliff.

This week, US prosecutors finally began the trial of the only person on the entire planet whom they have charged with the financial crimes that sank worldwide stock markets by trillions in 2008 and left millions homeless and jobless, from Detroit to Manchester.

Amazingly, say prosecutors, it all came down to a single Frenchman, Fabrice “Fabulous Fab” Tourre, only 29 years old at the time. Even Julius Caesar waited until he turned 51 to bring the known world to its knees.

Here’s the story which his defence team does not dispute:

In August 2007, hot-shot hedge fund manager John Paulson walked into Goldman Sachs with a brilliant plan to cash in on the US housing crisis.

He paid Goldman to announce that Paulson would invest a big hunk of his fund’s wealth, $200 million, in securities tied to the US mortgage market’s recovery. A few lucky investors would be allowed to give Goldman their billions to bet with Paulson that Americans would not default on their home mortgages.

It was a con. Secretly, Paulson would bet against the mortgage market, hoping it would collapse – making sure it would collapse. All he needed was Goldman to line up the suckers to put up billions to be his “partners”.

It was Goldman’s and Paulson’s financial version of Mel Brooks’ The Producers, in which a couple of corrupt theatre producers schemed to suck investors into a deliberate flop.

Throughout 2007 and 2008, Paulson & Co. worked with Goldman to create the financial equivalent of Springtime for Hitler. 

Paulson personally chose the group of mortgages for the fund. Rather than pick the least risky, he deliberately loaded the fund with sub-prime losers. To polish this turd, Goldman and Paulson paid a highly respected risk analysis firm, ACA, to endorse the selection. Paulson and his vice president met with ACA to assure them of the value of the crappola – never telling ACA that, in fact, Paulson would profit if the securities failed.

Based on Paulson’s pitch, ACA endorsed the value of these “synthetic derivatives” securities. This led rating agencies Moody’s and S&P – recipients of fat fees from Goldman – to give the package an AAA rating – that is, marking them as safer than US Treasury notes.

In just a few weeks, by August 8, 2008, the securities lost 99 percent of their value.

The dupes paid up. One, Royal Bank of Scotland, handed over nearly a billion dollars ($840,909,090) to Goldman. Goldman then quietly shifted the loot, minus its fee, to Paulson & Co.

The payout busted RBS. But don’t shed tears. The Bank of England and British taxpayers took over the bank and covered the loss.

The collapse of RBS and the billions lost by others in the scheme fuelled a panic which caused banks in the US to shut their lending windows, refusing to re-finance sub-prime mortgages. Over two million American families now faced eviction.

Paulson was thrilled. Each default and eviction just made Paulson & Co. richer, altogether pulling in a profit for the hedge fund of over $3.5 billion on the Springtime-for-Hitler game. Paulson’s personal earnings on this economic tragedy exceeded one billion dollars.

I happened to be in Detroit that August, at the home of auto union member Robert Pratt. He’d already received his eviction notice. Like almost all black home buyers in the USA, he was steered to a “sub-prime” mortgage. Under a formula years later deemed to be “predatory” his payments suddenly doubled. Pratt’s mortgage balance grew to $110,000 on a home worth $30,000. The bank would not refinance, so Pratt prepared to move into his car with his wife and four kids.

Government watchdogs hunted for the financial crimes perpetrators, and, discovering the Goldman/Paulson fraud, brought charges against… the French kid. Goldman had leant Fabrice Tourre to Paulson to take on flunky tasks, including putting together a 28-page “flip book” to lure European banks into the scam.

In a text message discovered by investigators, Fabrice admitted to a friend that he couldn’t understand the insanely complex derivatives Paulson had crafted with Tourre’s bosses at Goldman. He did, though, grasp that the strange securities were, he wrote, “monstrosities”.  A collapse was coming that would “bring down the whole house”, leaving Fabrice standing in a ruined planet – with a fat bonus.

What did the Feds do to Paulson? He received… a special tax break.

Am I defending the Fabulous Fabrice, the French-fried scapegoat? After all, he was just along for the ride. But he was deeply thrilled to carry water for the Bad Boys. And the charges against him are merely “civil”, meaning he won’t get jail time even if found guilty.

And what about Goldman, whose top brass knew of the entire game? The Securities and Exchange Commission did fine Goldman for its duplicity – a sum equal to 5 percent of the cash Goldman got from the US Treasury in bail-out funds.

After Goldman’s con became public, its CEO, Lloyd Blankfein was hailed as a visionary for offloading mortgage-backed securities before the shit hit the finance fan. Blankfein hailed himself for, he said, “doing God’s work”. God did well. Blankfein’s bonus in 2007 brought his pay package to $69 million for the year, a Wall Street record.

Rather than prison or penury, Blankfein was appointed advisor to Harvard University’s business and law schools.

So here’s the lesson all Harvard students are taught: If you can’t do the time, don’t do the crime… unless your booty exceeds a billion.

Read more about Paulson, Blankfein and their other schemes in Greg Palast’s New York Times bestseller, Billionaires & Ballot Bandits. www.BallotBandits.org.

Follow Greg on Twitter: @Greg_Palast

Previously – My War On Stupid Is Facing Defeat On Every Front

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Fasting for Humanity

If somebody asks me whether I fast Ramadan for some higher deity I’d be lying if I said I was. I don’t know what I’m doing anymore with this stuff. I haven’t for a very long time. When I read posts that were written in the midst of spiritual passion, passion that felt as if it was going to burst out of my chest, I feel as if they were written by somebody else a lifetime ago. I can’t feel like that at the moment, and the reserves that I drew upon then are now completely depleted.

Then I think about stories I’ve heard of Syrians in refugee camps, of people in desperate circumstances that they didn’t ask for and facing trials they weren’t prepared to undergo. I think how easy it is for me to fast knowing I have food ready for me at the end of the day. But what would I do or say if I didn’t? Or if I had children who didn’t? I don’t know but even considering that thought gives me a chill. For all my failings as an individual the past three years have taught me so much more about what it means to be human and fallible.

We like to think of ourselves as paragons of virtue when we speak with the moral clarity of some high priest for this or that dogma. The “Resistance” with a capital “R” for example, or when we refer to the sacrifices necessary to fight some nebulous great Enemy. I used to feel like that. But isn’t it ironic that the great narrative of a titanic clash between good and evil that the resistance narrative uses comes from the same strip of land which introduced that concept into organized religion through Zoroastrianism? Was it not the great clash between Ahura Mazda and a mysterious “hostile spirit” which was the precursor to our own Abrahamic faiths? And within the story of an epic war to end all wars weren’t there also the seeds of oppression? And from oppression didn’t we also see the rise of self deceit?

Most religions emerged out of a genuine desire to do good, but it seems almost universal that the dogmatic hierarchy which follows that initial creative impulse subverts far more than it preserves. Today we have people who wish to uphold that hierarchy as guardians of some supreme truth – possessing the right to absolve any sin and to damn any soul. These people forget that even the Zoroastrians believed the followers of the “Lie” would fall forever into a hell fire of some sort. To hell with the Lie, and to hell with them I say. Isn’t self deceit the greatest of lies?

If I’m fasting, it would be a lie to say I’m doing it for some bearded old man sitting on a throne in the clouds. It’d be far more sincere to say that I’m fasting because it puts me in touch with my humanity and the suffering of others. I can’t give them relief, but I can carry the same burden as them even if for a while. Maybe then they can feel better knowing they are not alone in this world even if nobody can help.

Posted by Maysaloon at 8:30 pm